基于CentOS与VmwareStation10搭建Oracle11G RAC 64集群环境-白红宇

1.资源准备

最近,在VmwareStation 10虚拟机上,基于CentOS5.4安装Oracle 11g RAC,并把过程记录下来.刚开始时,是基于CentOS 6.4安装Oracle 11g RAC, 没有成功,主要是Oracle 11g RAC安装,没有针对CentOS 6.4的内核的一些包.

　　本文内容详实,包括安装过程中遇到的一些问题,也单独编一章节,第四章节的FAQ.

　　http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&id=4681351&uid=29655480

1.1. 软件准备

SecureCRT:用于客户机通过SSH连接LINUX

VmWareStation10:

VMware-workstation-full-10.0.1-1379776.exe

5C4A7-6Q20J-6ZD58-K2C72-0AKPE （已测，可用）

1Y0W5-0W205-7Z8J0-C8C5M-9A6MF

NF2A7-AYK43-CZCT8-FCAN6-CA84

4A4QH-6Q195-XZW10-6K8N2-A3CJX

5A6ZT-20JD2-LZWZ9-H38N0-92L62

CentOS5.4: CentOS-5.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso、CentOS-5.4-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso

Oracle 11g: linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip、linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip、linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

http://public-yum.oracle.com

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/

https://www.centos.org/download/mirrors/

　　　　　　http://download.chinaunix.net/download.php?id=30562&ResourceID=12271

Oracle ASMlib下载地址：

1.2. 硬件准备

Windows环境：

虚拟机环境：

2.搭建环境-2.1创建虚拟机

2.1.1. 创建虚拟机节点1

2.1.2. 创建虚拟机节点2

操作如节点1.

2.2. 安装操作系统CentOS5.4

　　两个虚拟机都安装，此步骤在创建虚拟机节点时:

2.3.配置共享磁盘

2.3.1.创建共享磁盘

　　在cmd中进入WMware Workstation 10.0 安装目录:

1.创建存储Oracle Clusterware文件 (Oracle Cluster Registry and voting disk) 的磁盘：

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 4Gb -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM"\ShareDiskOCR.vmdk

2.创建存储Oracle共享数据文件的磁盘：

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 20Gb -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM"\ShareDiskData01.vmdk

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 20Gb -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM"\ShareDiskData02.vmdk

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5Gb -a lsilogic -t 2 "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM"\ShareDiskFlash.vmdk

2.3.2. 编辑虚拟机配置文件

　　关闭两台虚拟机，用记事本打开虚拟机名字.wmx，到虛拟机的目录比如 E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\linuxrac1，直接编辑*.vmx 文件, 加上下面语句(所有虛拟机节点)：

scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"

scsi1:1.fileName = "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM\ShareDiskOCR.vmdk"

scsi1:1.mode = "independent-persistent"

scsi1:1.redo = ""

scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"

scsi1:2.fileName = "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM\ShareDiskData01.vmdk"

scsi1:2.mode = "independent-persistent"

scsi1:2.redo = ""

scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"

scsi1:3.fileName = "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM\ShareDiskData02.vmdk"

scsi1:3.mode = "independent-persistent"

scsi1:3.redo = ""

scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"

scsi1:4.fileName = "E:\SoftwareInstall\vmware\SharedDiskASM\ShareDiskFlash.vmdk"

scsi1:4.mode = "independent-persistent"

scsi1:4.redo = ""

scsi1.pciSlotNumber = "37"

usb:0.present = "TRUE"

usb:0.deviceType = "hid"

usb:0.port = "0"

usb:0.parent = "-1"

　　注意：这个文件中的每一行都不能重复，否则会报错，而且不要去改变文件的编码格式

（如果提示需要存储为其他编码格式，比如unicode, 那么就是拷贝的格式有问题，需要手工写入）。

最后开启虚拟机程序(注意，一定要重新启动vmware界面程序)，查看每个节点虚拟机

Devices部分，在未开启各个虚拟机的时候就应该可以看到磁盘挂载情况。然后开机

再次确认。如果在未开启时没有看到磁盘信息，那么就是写入vmx文件的语法有问题，

可以手工写入(而不是拷贝)。

　　当然也可以通过VMWare图形界面建立磁盘，注意共享磁盘选择SCSI 1而不是0才可以。我这里就是用的图形界面方式，总之不管是图形界面还是命令创建，最后添加到虚拟机里的每一个磁盘属性应当如下图所示，

注意选择磁盘时候需要选取 SCSI 1:1,SCSI 1:2，我这里有四个共享磁盘，那么就依次是SCSI 1:1,SCSI 1:2，SCSI 1:3,SCSI 1:4

2.4.安装JDK

2.4.1.准备JDK

　　在百度搜索:JDK下载

2.4.2.上传JDK

put E:\软件安装文件\jdk-8u11-linux-x64.rpm /home/linuxrac1/Downloads

put E:\软件安装文件\linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /home/linuxrac1/Downloads

put E:\软件安装文件\linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /home/linuxrac1/Downloads

put E:\软件安装文件\jdk-8u11-linux-x64.rpm /home/linuxrac1/Downloads

2.4.3.安装JDK

安装JDK：

[linuxrac1@localhost Downloads]# su root

Password:

[linuxrac1@localhost Downloads]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u11-linux-x64.rpm

Preparing... ###########################################[100%]

1:jdk ###########################################[100%]

Unpacking JAR files...

rt.jar...

jsse.jar...

charsets.jar...

tools.jar...

localedata.jar...

jfxrt.jar...

[root@localhost Downloads]#

total 16

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 3 18:40 default -> /usr/java/latest

drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Sep 3 18:40 jdk1.8.0_11

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Sep 3 18:40 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11

[root@linuxrac1 java]# cd jdk1.8.0_11

[root@linuxrac1 jdk1.8.0_11]# ls

bin javafx-src.zip man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt

db lib release

include LICENSE src.zip

[root@linuxrac1 jdk1.8.0_11]# pwd

/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11

2.4.4.配置JDK环境变量

查看安装JDK的目录：/usr/java/

[root@linuxrac1 ~]# cd /usr/java/

[root@linuxrac1 java]# ll

total 16

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 3 18:40 default -> /usr/java/latest

drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Sep 3 18:40 jdk1.8.0_11

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Sep 3 18:40 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11

[root@linuxrac1 java]# cd jdk1.8.0_11

[root@linuxrac1 jdk1.8.0_11]# ls

bin javafx-src.zip man THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt

db lib release

include LICENSE src.zip

[root@linuxrac1 jdk1.8.0_11]# pwd

/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11

编辑profile

[root@linuxrac1 ~]# cd /etc

[root@linuxrac1 etc]# ls profile

profile

[root@linuxrac1 etc]# vi profile

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

pathmunge () {

if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then

if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then

PATH=$PATH:$1

else

PATH=$1:$PATH

}

# ksh workaround

if [ -z "$EUID" -a -x /usr/bin/id ]; then

EUID=`id -u`

UID=`id -ru`

# Path manipulation

# if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then

pathmunge /sbin

pathmunge /usr/sbin

pathmunge /usr/local/sbin

# fi

# set environment by HondaHsu 2014

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11

JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_11/jre

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tool.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib:

export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH

[root@linuxrac1 etc]# java -version

java version "1.8.0_11"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_11-b12)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.11-b03, mixed mode)

2.5. 配置网络

2.5.1. 配置网络

　　Oracle Rac数据库涉及到公用网络和私有网络，因此要做网络划分和IP地址规划,下表列出了要安装的RAC数据库对应的IP地址、主机名以及网络连接类型：

Rac1
主机名	IP址址	子网	网络类型	解析方式
Eth0	10.10.97.161	255.255.255.0	公用网络
Eth1	192.168.2.116	255.255.255.0	私有网络
	10.10.97.181	255.255.255.0	虚拟网络
/etc/hosts
#eth0 public 10.10.97.161 linuxrac1 10.10.97.167 linuxrac2 #eth1 private 192.168.2.116 linuxrac1-pri 192.168.2.216 linuxrac2-priv #virtual 10.10.97.181 linuxrac1-vip 10.10.97.183 linuxrac2-vip #scan 10.10.97.193 linuxrac-scan

Rac2
主机名	IP址址	子网	网络类型	解析方式
Eth0	10.10.97.167	255.255.255.0	公用网络
Eth1	192.168.2.216	255.255.255.0	私有网络
	10.10.97.183	255.255.255.0	虚拟网络
/etc/hosts
#eth0 public 10.10.97.161 linuxrac1 10.10.97.167 linuxrac2 #eth1 private 192.168.2.116 linuxrac1-pri 192.168.2.216 linuxrac2-priv #virtual 10.10.97.181 linuxrac1-vip 10.10.97.183 linuxrac2-vip #scan 10.10.97.193 linuxrac-scan

　　公网与私网IP设置在网卡上，虚拟IP不用设置.

　　通过ifdown,ifup使配置的IP生效:

[root@linuxrac2 Desktop]# ifdown eth0

Device state: 3 (disconnected)

[root@linuxrac2 Desktop]# ifdown eth1

Device state: 3 (disconnected)

[root@linuxrac2 Desktop]# ifup eth0

Active connection state: activating

Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2

state: activated

Connection activated

[root@linuxrac2 Desktop]# ifup eth1

Active connection state: activated

Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3

2.6. 安装Oracle所依赖的必要包

2.6.1. 检查Oracle所依赖的必要rpm包

[root@localhost /]#rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc

2.6.2. 准备Oracle所依赖的必要包

在Linux安装文件的CentOS-5.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1\Packages文件夹查找缺少的依赖包：

yum 使用http://mirror.centos.org的镜像更新：http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

　　另外，也可以通过修改yum.repos.d下的CenOS的镜像仓库地址，如访问163的镜像,操作如下：

　　1) 备份系统原来的CentOS-Base.repo文件：

[root@localhost /]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@localhost /]#cp -a CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

　　2) 用vi打开CentOS-Base.repo文件：

[root@localhost /]#vim CentOS-Base.repo

　　然后，按Insert键进入文本编辑状态

　　3) 修改后的CentOS-Base.repo文件,代码如下：

　　# CentOS-Base.repo

# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#packages used/produced in the build but not released

[addons]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

#gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

　　保存：先按Esc，然后按“：”，再：“wq”。

2.6.3. 上传到虚拟机LINUX上

通过SecureCRT上传：oracle 所依赖的一些包

put E:\temp\ rpms.zip/home/linuxrac2/Downloads

　　然后解压：

解压所上传的压缩包:

put E:\temp\ rpms.zip /home/linuxrac2/Downloads

2.6.4.安装Oracle所依赖的必要包

　　例如：

[root@localhost rpms]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost rpms]# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost rpms]# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-12.el6_3.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost rpms]# rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

在安装 oracle x64 时，需要安装 32 位的 compat-libstdc++，但是，直接运行安装时，会由于依赖关系，安装不能完成，如果手工输入这么多的包，就过于复杂了。更关键的是，它列出的名字与包的名字并不一一对应。

[root@localhost rpms]#rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

libc.so.6 is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.3) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libgcc_s.so.1 is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_3.0) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_3.3) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libgcc_s.so.1(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

libm.so.6 is needed by compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

本文转自张冲andy 博客园博客，原文链接： http://www.cnblogs.com/andy6/p/5759189.html ，如需转载请自行联系原作者